Cameos, particularly those carved from materials like onyx, lava, or shell, gained immense popularity during the Victorian era, often serving as mourning jewelry or symbols of status and sentiment. These pieces frequently depicted classical figures, mythological scenes, or portraits, reflecting the era's fascination with antiquity and romanticism. The intricate carving and the use of contrasting materials, such as dark stone against gold or silver, were hallmarks of the period's craftsmanship. Lava stone cameos, specifically, were a significant trend in the mid-19th century, originating from volcanic regions like Mount Vesuvius in Italy. They were prized for their deep black color and porous texture, which allowed for detailed carving. Often set in gold or gilt metal, these pieces were fashionable accessories, with designs ranging from portraits to allegorical figures, embodying the somber yet elegant aesthetic of Victorian mourning customs.