<p>In today's prolific hostile threat environment, <em> surveillance countermeasures</em> expertise is a necessary component of security knowledge. The wide range of increasingly unconstrained threats to the personal privacy and security of average citizens include common criminals and stalkers, private and corporate investigators, government-sponsored espionage and other covert agencies, and international crime and terrorist organizations. In virtually all cases, the elements that threaten individual, corporate, or national security conduct surveillance operations to further their objectives, or as the primary means to an end<br /> <p><em>Surveillance countermeasures</em> are actions taken by an individual or security detail to identify the presence of surveillance and, if necessary, to elude or evade the individual or group conducting the surveillance. Understanding how the surveillance threat thinks and reacts is the basis of effective surveillance countermeasures. This manual details surveillance countermeasures concepts, techniques, and procedures that are proven effective against the spectrum of surveillance capabilities ranging from the very basic to the world's most sophisticated. <br /> <p>This manual now supersedes the previous industry standards as the authoritative resource on surveillance countermeasures principles, procedures, and practices. This manual is a compilation of the most relevant details from two of the all-time classics and best-sellers in the genre