Ketoconazole shampoo, an antifungal medication, is used to treat fungal infections of the scalp, including dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, by targeting the fungus that causes these conditions. What it does: 1. Treats Fungal Infections: Ketoconazole shampoo contains a synthetic antifungal agent that combats fungal infections on the scalp, which can cause dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and other related issues. 2. Reduces Flaking, Scaling, and Itching: By addressing the underlying fungal cause, ketoconazole shampoo helps alleviate the symptoms of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, such as flaking, scaling, and itching. 3. May Help with Hair Loss: Some studies suggest that ketoconazole may have anti-inflammatory effects against Malassezia, a fungus that could play a role in hair loss, although more research is needed to confirm this. 4. Application: Apply sufficient shampoo to produce enough lather to wash the scalp and hair, gently massage it over the entire scalp and leave for 3-5 minutes before rinsing thoroughly.